Bash Boilerplate Generator

Use this page to quickly generate a bash boilerplate script based on bashew

You will start your script with all the typical code for option parsing, dependency checking, output, logging ... already implemented. You can focus on just the new functionality and save a lot of time.

Parameters

Author email

A flag is an optional on/off parameter like -d/--debug.

Flag 1

Flag 2

Flag 3

An option is a optional value parameter like -e/--email [email].

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

A param is an obligatory unnamed value parameter.

An optional is an optional unnamed value parameter.

An multi is a multiple values parameter (can only be last parameter).

Parameter 1

Parameter 2

Parameter 3

Parameter 4

Instructions

Fill in your email, add the flags/options/parameters you need • press «Generate» • copy the code • paste it in your editor. • Now start coding the main part of the script
Scripts run on: Linux ( Ubuntu/Debian/ Redhat/ Suse), Busybox (Synology/QNAP), MacOS, Windows 10 WSL

Bash boilerplate

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# created by: https://toolstud.io/bash/boilerplate.php
# template  : https://github.com/pforret/bashew/blob/master/template/normal.sh
### ==============================================================================
### SO HOW DO YOU PROCEED WITH YOUR SCRIPT?
### 1. define the flags/options/parameters and defaults you need in Option:config()
### 2. implement the different actions in Script:main() directly or with helper functions do_action1
### 3. implement helper functions you defined in previous step
### ==============================================================================

### Created by author_name ( author_username ) on meta_today
### Based on https://github.com/pforret/bashew bashew_version
script_version="0.0.1" # if there is a VERSION.md in this script's folder, that will have priority over this version number
readonly script_author="you@example.com"
readonly script_created="meta_today"
readonly run_as_root=-1 # run_as_root: 0 = don't check anything / 1 = script MUST run as root / -1 = script MAY NOT run as root
readonly script_description="package_description"

function Option:config() {
  ### Change the next lines to reflect which flags/options/parameters you need
  ### flag:   switch a flag 'on' / no value specified
  ###     flag|<short>|<long>|<description>
  ###     e.g. "-v" or "--VERBOSE" for VERBOSE output / default is always 'off'
  ###     will be available as $<long> in the script e.g. $VERBOSE
  ### option: set an option / 1 value specified
  ###     option|<short>|<long>|<description>|<default>
  ###     e.g. "-e <extension>" or "--extension <extension>" for a file extension
  ###     will be available a $<long> in the script e.g. $extension
  ### list: add an list/array item / 1 value specified
  ###     list|<short>|<long>|<description>| (default is ignored)
  ###     e.g. "-u <user1> -u <user2>" or "--user <user1> --user <user2>"
  ###     will be available a $<long> array in the script e.g. ${user[@]}
  ### param:  comes after the options
  ###     param|<type>|<long>|<description>
  ###     <type> = 1 for single parameters - e.g. param|1|output expects 1 parameter <output>
  ###     <type> = ? for optional parameters - e.g. param|1|output expects 1 parameter <output>
  ###     <type> = n for list parameter    - e.g. param|n|inputs expects <input1> <input2> ... <input99>
  ###     will be available as $<long> in the script after option/param parsing
  ### choice:  is like a param, but when there are limited options
  ###     choice|<type>|<long>|<description>|choice1,choice2,...
  ###     <type> = 1 for single parameters - e.g. param|1|output expects 1 parameter <output>
  grep <<<"
#commented lines will be filtered
flag|h|help|show usage
flag|Q|QUIET|no output
flag|V|VERBOSE|also show debug messages
flag|f|FORCE|do not ask for confirmation (always yes)
option|L|LOG_DIR|folder for log files |$HOME/log/$script_prefix
option|T|TMP_DIR|folder for temp files|/tmp/$script_prefix
#option|W|WIDTH|width of the picture|800
choice|1|action|action to perform|action1,action2,check,env,update
param|?|input|input file/text
" -v -e '^#' -e '^\s*$'
}

#####################################################################
## Put your Script:main script here
#####################################################################

function Script:main() {
	#// the option $log_dir will be [$HOME/log/$script_prefix] or whatever the user specified with -l [value] or --log_dir [value]
	#// the option $tmp_dir will be [.tmp] or whatever the user specified with -t [value] or --tmp_dir [value]
	#// the parameter $action has to be specified when starting the script
	#// the parameter $input has to be specified when starting the script
  IO:log "[$script_basename] $script_version started"

Os:require "awk"

case "${action,,}" in
  action1)
    #TIP: use «$script_prefix action1» to ...
    #TIP:> $script_prefix action1
    do_action1
    ;;

action2)
    #TIP: use «$script_prefix action2» to ...
    #TIP:> $script_prefix action2
    do_action2
    ;;

action3)
    #TIP: use «$script_prefix action3» to ...
    #TIP:> $script_prefix action3
    # Os:require "convert" "imagemagick"
    # CONVERT $input $output
    ;;

check | env)
    ## leave this default action, it will make it easier to test your script
    #TIP: use «$script_prefix check» to check if this script is ready to execute and what values the options/flags are
    #TIP:> $script_prefix check
    #TIP: use «$script_prefix env» to generate an example .env file
    #TIP:> $script_prefix env > .env
    Script:check
    ;;

update)
    ## leave this default action, it will make it easier to test your script
    #TIP: use «$script_prefix update» to update to the latest version
    #TIP:> $script_prefix update
    Script:git_pull
    ;;

*)
    IO:die "action [$action] not recognized"
    ;;
  esac
  IO:log "[$script_basename] ended after $SECONDS secs"
  #TIP: >>> bash script created with «pforret/bashew»
  #TIP: >>> for bash development, also check out «pforret/setver» and «pforret/progressbar»
}

#####################################################################
## Put your helper scripts here
#####################################################################

function do_action1() {
  IO:log "action1"
  # Examples of required binaries/scripts and how to install them
  # Os:require "ffmpeg"
  # Os:require "convert" "imagemagick"
  # Os:require "IO:progressbar" "basher install pforret/IO:progressbar"
  # (code)
}

function do_action2() {
  IO:log "action2"
  # (code)

}

#####################################################################
################### DO NOT MODIFY BELOW THIS LINE ###################
#####################################################################

action=""
error_prefix=""
git_repo_remote=""
git_repo_root=""
install_package=""
os_kernel=""
os_machine=""
os_name=""
os_version=""
script_basename=""
script_hash="?"
script_lines="?"
script_prefix=""
shell_brand=""
shell_version=""
temp_files=()

# set strict mode -  via http://redsymbol.net/articles/unofficial-bash-strict-mode/
# removed -e because it made basic [[ testing ]] difficult
set -uo pipefail
IFS=$'\n\t'
FORCE=0
help=0

#to enable VERBOSE even before option parsing
VERBOSE=0
[[ $# -gt 0 ]] && [[ $1 == "-v" ]] && VERBOSE=1

#to enable QUIET even before option parsing
QUIET=0
[[ $# -gt 0 ]] && [[ $1 == "-q" ]] && QUIET=1

txtReset=""
txtError=""
txtInfo=""
txtInfo=""
txtWarn=""
txtBold=""
txtItalic=""
txtUnderline=""

char_succes="OK "
char_fail="!! "
char_alert="?? "
char_wait="..."
info_icon="(i)"
config_icon="[c]"
clean_icon="[c]"
require_icon="[r]"

### stdIO:print/stderr output
function IO:initialize() {
  script_started_at="$(Tool:time)"
  IO:debug "script $script_basename started at $script_started_at"

[[ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]:-}" != "${0}" ]] && sourced=1 || sourced=0
  [[ -t 1 ]] && piped=0 || piped=1 # detect if output is piped
  if [[ $piped -eq 0 && -n "$TERM" ]]; then
    txtReset=$(tput sgr0)
    txtError=$(tput setaf 160)
    txtInfo=$(tput setaf 2)
    txtWarn=$(tput setaf 214)
    txtBold=$(tput bold)
    txtItalic=$(tput sitm)
    txtUnderline=$(tput smul)
  fi

[[ $(echo -e '\xe2\x82\xac') == '€' ]] && unicode=1 || unicode=0 # detect if unicode is supported
  if [[ $unicode -gt 0 ]]; then
    char_succes="✅"
    char_fail="⛔"
    char_alert="✴️"
    char_wait="⏳"
    info_icon="🌼"
    config_icon="🌱"
    clean_icon="🧽"
    require_icon="🔌"
  fi
  error_prefix="${txtError}>${txtReset}"
}

function IO:print() {
  ((QUIET)) && true || printf '%b\n' "$*"
}

function IO:debug() {
  ((VERBOSE)) && IO:print "${txtInfo}# $* ${txtReset}" >&2
  true
}

function IO:die() {
  IO:print "${txtError}${char_fail} $script_basename${txtReset}: $*" >&2
  Os:beep
  Script:exit
}

function IO:alert() {
  IO:print "${txtWarn}${char_alert}${txtReset}: ${txtUnderline}$*${txtReset}" >&2
}

function IO:success() {
  IO:print "${txtInfo}${char_succes}${txtReset}  ${txtBold}$*${txtReset}"
}

function IO:announce() {
  IO:print "${txtInfo}${char_wait}${txtReset}  ${txtItalic}$*${txtReset}"
  sleep 1
}

function IO:progress() {
  ((QUIET)) || (
    local screen_width
    screen_width=$(tput cols 2>/dev/null || echo 80)
    local rest_of_line
    rest_of_line=$((screen_width - 5))

if ((piped)); then
      IO:print "... $*" >&2
    else
      printf "... %-${rest_of_line}b\r" "$*                                             " >&2
    fi
  )
}

function IO:countdown() {
  local seconds=${1:-5}
  local message=${2:-Countdown :}
  local i

if ((piped)); then
    IO:print "$message $seconds seconds"
  else
    for ((i = 0; i < "$seconds"; i++)); do
      IO:progress "${txtInfo}$message $((seconds - i)) seconds${txtReset}"
      sleep 1
    done
    IO:print "                         "
  fi
}

### interactive
function IO:confirm() {
  ((FORCE)) && return 0
  read -r -p "$1 [y/N] " -n 1
  echo " "
  [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
}

function IO:question() {
  local ANSWER
  local DEFAULT=${2:-}
  read -r -p "$1 ($DEFAULT) > " ANSWER
  [[ -z "$ANSWER" ]] && echo "$DEFAULT" || echo "$ANSWER"
}

function IO:log() {
  [[ -n "${log_file:-}" ]] && echo "$(date '+%H:%M:%S') | $*" >>"$log_file"
}

function Tool:calc() {
  awk "BEGIN {print $*} ; "
}

function Tool:round() {
  local number="${1}"
  local decimals="${2:-0}"

awk "BEGIN {print sprintf( \"%.${decimals}f\" , $number )};"
}

function Tool:time() {
  if [[ $(command -v perl) ]]; then
    perl -MTime::HiRes=time -e 'printf "%f\n", time'
  elif [[ $(command -v php) ]]; then
    php -r 'printf("%f\n",microtime(true));'
  elif [[ $(command -v python) ]]; then
    python -c 'import time; print(time.time()) '
  elif [[ $(command -v python3) ]]; then
    python3 -c 'import time; print(time.time()) '
  elif [[ $(command -v node) ]]; then
    node -e 'console.log(+new Date() / 1000)'
  elif [[ $(command -v ruby) ]]; then
    ruby -e 'STDOUT.puts(Time.now.to_f)'
  else
    date '+%s.000'
  fi
}

function Tool:throughput() {
  local time_started="$1"
  [[ -z "$time_started" ]] && time_started="$script_started_at"
  local operations="${2:-1}"
  local name="${3:-operation}"

local time_finished
  local duration
  local seconds
  time_finished="$(Tool:time)"
  duration="$(Tool:calc "$time_finished - $time_started")"
  seconds="$(Tool:round "$duration")"
  local ops
  if [[ "$operations" -gt 1 ]]; then
    if [[ $operations -gt $seconds ]]; then
      ops=$(Tool:calc "$operations / $duration")
      ops=$(Tool:round "$ops" 3)
      duration=$(Tool:round "$duration" 2)
      IO:print "$operations $name finished in $duration secs: $ops $name/sec"
    else
      ops=$(Tool:calc "$duration / $operations")
      ops=$(Tool:round "$ops" 3)
      duration=$(Tool:round "$duration" 2)
      IO:print "$operations $name finished in $duration secs: $ops sec/$name"
    fi
  else
    duration=$(Tool:round "$duration" 2)
    IO:print "$name finished in $duration secs"
  fi
}

### string processing

function Str:trim() {
  local var="$*"
  # remove leading whitespace characters
  var="${var#"${var%%[![:space:]]*}"}"
  # remove trailing whitespace characters
  var="${var%"${var##*[![:space:]]}"}"
  printf '%s' "$var"
}

function Str:lower() {
  if [[ -n "$1" ]]; then
    local input="$*"
    echo "${input,,}"
  else
    awk '{print tolower($0)}'
  fi
}

function Str:upper() {
  if [[ -n "$1" ]]; then
    local input="$*"
    echo "${input^^}"
  else
    awk '{print toupper($0)}'
  fi
}

function Str:ascii() {
  # remove all characters with accents/diacritics to latin alphabet
  # shellcheck disable=SC2020
  sed 'y/àáâäæãåāǎçćčèéêëēėęěîïííīįìǐłñńôöòóœøōǒõßśšûüǔùǖǘǚǜúūÿžźżÀÁÂÄÆÃÅĀǍÇĆČÈÉÊËĒĖĘĚÎÏÍÍĪĮÌǏŁÑŃÔÖÒÓŒØŌǑÕẞŚŠÛÜǓÙǕǗǙǛÚŪŸŽŹŻ/aaaaaaaaaccceeeeeeeeiiiiiiiilnnooooooooosssuuuuuuuuuuyzzzAAAAAAAAACCCEEEEEEEEIIIIIIIILNNOOOOOOOOOSSSUUUUUUUUUUYZZZ/'
}

function Str:slugify() {
  # Str:slugify <input> <separator>
  # Str:slugify "Jack, Jill & Clémence LTD"      => jack-jill-clemence-ltd
  # Str:slugify "Jack, Jill & Clémence LTD" "_"  => jack_jill_clemence_ltd
  separator="${2:-}"
  [[ -z "$separator" ]] && separator="-"
  Str:lower "$1" |
    Str:ascii |
    awk '{
          gsub(/[\[\]@#$%^&*;,.:()<>!?\/+=_]/," ",$0);
          gsub(/^  */,"",$0);
          gsub(/  *$/,"",$0);
          gsub(/  */,"-",$0);
          gsub(/[^a-z0-9\-]/,"");
          print;
          }' |
    sed "s/-/$separator/g"
}

function Str:title() {
  # Str:title <input> <separator>
  # Str:title "Jack, Jill & Clémence LTD"     => JackJillClemenceLtd
  # Str:title "Jack, Jill & Clémence LTD" "_" => Jack_Jill_Clemence_Ltd
  separator="${2:-}"
  # shellcheck disable=SC2020
  Str:lower "$1" |
    tr 'àáâäæãåāçćčèéêëēėęîïííīįìłñńôöòóœøōõßśšûüùúūÿžźż' 'aaaaaaaaccceeeeeeeiiiiiiilnnoooooooosssuuuuuyzzz' |
    awk '{ gsub(/[\[\]@#$%^&*;,.:()<>!?\/+=_-]/," ",$0); print $0; }' |
    awk '{
          for (i=1; i<=NF; ++i) {
              $i = toupper(substr($i,1,1)) tolower(substr($i,2))
          };
          print $0;
          }' |
    sed "s/ /$separator/g" |
    cut -c1-50
}

function Str:digest() {
  local length=${1:-6}
  if [[ -n $(command -v md5sum) ]]; then
    # regular linux
    md5sum | cut -c1-"$length"
  else
    # macos
    md5 | cut -c1-"$length"
  fi
}

# Gha: function should only be run inside of a Github Action

function Gha:finish() {
  [[ -z "${RUNNER_OS:-}" ]] && IO:die "This should only run inside a Github Action, don't run it on your machine"
  local timestamp message
  git config user.name "Bashew Runner"
  git config user.email "actions@users.noreply.github.com"
  git add -A
  timestamp="$(date -u)"
  message="$timestamp < $script_basename $script_version"
  IO:print "Commit Message: $message"
  git commit -m "${message}" || exit 0
  git pull --rebase
  git push
  IO:success "Commit OK!"
}

trap "IO:die \"ERROR \$? after \$SECONDS seconds \n\
\${error_prefix} last command : '\$BASH_COMMAND' \" \
\$(< \$script_install_path awk -v lineno=\$LINENO \
'NR == lineno {print \"\${error_prefix} from line \" lineno \" : \" \$0}')" INT TERM EXIT
# cf https://askubuntu.com/questions/513932/what-is-the-bash-command-variable-good-for

Script:exit() {
  local temp_file
  for temp_file in "${temp_files[@]-}"; do
    [[ -f "$temp_file" ]] && (
      IO:debug "Delete temp file [$temp_file]"
      rm -f "$temp_file"
    )
  done
  trap - INT TERM EXIT
  IO:debug "$script_basename finished after $SECONDS seconds"
  exit 0
}

Script:check_version() {
  (
    # shellcheck disable=SC2164
    pushd "$script_install_folder" &>/dev/null
    if [[ -d .git ]]; then
      local remote
      remote="$(git remote -v | grep fetch | awk 'NR == 1 {print $2}')"
      IO:progress "Check for updates - $remote"
      git remote update &>/dev/null
      if [[ $(git rev-list --count "HEAD...HEAD@{upstream}" 2>/dev/null) -gt 0 ]]; then
        IO:print "There is a more recent update of this script - run <<$script_prefix update>> to update"
      else
        IO:progress "                                         "
      fi
    fi
    # shellcheck disable=SC2164
    popd &>/dev/null
  )
}

Script:git_pull() {
  # run in background to avoid problems with modifying a running interpreted script
  (
    sleep 1
    cd "$script_install_folder" && git pull
  ) &
}

Script:show_tips() {
  ((sourced)) && return 0
  # shellcheck disable=SC2016
  grep <"${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" -v '$0' |
    awk \
      -v green="$txtInfo" \
      -v yellow="$txtWarn" \
      -v reset="$txtReset" \
      '
      /TIP: /  {$1=""; gsub(/«/,green); gsub(/»/,reset); print "*" $0}
      /TIP:> / {$1=""; print " " yellow $0 reset}
      ' |
    awk \
      -v script_basename="$script_basename" \
      -v script_prefix="$script_prefix" \
      '{
      gsub(/\$script_basename/,script_basename);
      gsub(/\$script_prefix/,script_prefix);
      print ;
      }'
}

Script:check() {
  local name
  if [[ -n $(Option:filter flag) ]]; then
    IO:print "## ${txtInfo}boolean flags${txtReset}:"
    Option:filter flag |
      grep -v help |
      while read -r name; do
        declare -p "$name" | cut -d' ' -f3-
      done
  fi

if [[ -n $(Option:filter option) ]]; then
    IO:print "## ${txtInfo}option defaults${txtReset}:"
    Option:filter option |
      while read -r name; do
        declare -p "$name" | cut -d' ' -f3-
      done
  fi

if [[ -n $(Option:filter list) ]]; then
    IO:print "## ${txtInfo}list options${txtReset}:"
    Option:filter list |
      while read -r name; do
        declare -p "$name" | cut -d' ' -f3-
      done
  fi

if [[ -n $(Option:filter param) ]]; then
    if ((piped)); then
      IO:debug "Skip parameters for .env files"
    else
      IO:print "## ${txtInfo}parameters${txtReset}:"
      Option:filter param |
        while read -r name; do
          declare -p "$name" | cut -d' ' -f3-
        done
    fi
  fi

if [[ -n $(Option:filter choice) ]]; then
    if ((piped)); then
      IO:debug "Skip choices for .env files"
    else
      IO:print "## ${txtInfo}choice${txtReset}:"
      Option:filter choice |
        while read -r name; do
          declare -p "$name" | cut -d' ' -f3-
        done
    fi
  fi

IO:print "## ${txtInfo}required commands${txtReset}:"
  Script:show_required
}

Option:usage() {
  IO:print "Program : ${txtInfo}$script_basename${txtReset}  by ${txtWarn}$script_author${txtReset}"
  IO:print "Version : ${txtInfo}v$script_version${txtReset} (${txtWarn}$script_modified${txtReset})"
  IO:print "Purpose : ${txtInfo}$script_description${txtReset}"
  echo -n "Usage   : $script_basename"
  Option:config |
    awk '
  BEGIN { FS="|"; OFS=" "; oneline="" ; fulltext="Flags, options and parameters:"}
  $1 ~ /flag/  {
    fulltext = fulltext sprintf("\n    -%1s|--%-12s: [flag] %s [default: off]",$2,$3,$4) ;
    oneline  = oneline " [-" $2 "]"
    }
  $1 ~ /option/  {
    fulltext = fulltext sprintf("\n    -%1s|--%-12s: [option] %s",$2,$3 " <?>",$4) ;
    if($5!=""){fulltext = fulltext "  [default: " $5 "]"; }
    oneline  = oneline " [-" $2 " <" $3 ">]"
    }
  $1 ~ /list/  {
    fulltext = fulltext sprintf("\n    -%1s|--%-12s: [list] %s (array)",$2,$3 " <?>",$4) ;
    fulltext = fulltext "  [default empty]";
    oneline  = oneline " [-" $2 " <" $3 ">]"
    }
  $1 ~ /secret/  {
    fulltext = fulltext sprintf("\n    -%1s|--%s <%s>: [secret] %s",$2,$3,"?",$4) ;
      oneline  = oneline " [-" $2 " <" $3 ">]"
    }
  $1 ~ /param/ {
    if($2 == "1"){
          fulltext = fulltext sprintf("\n    %-17s: [parameter] %s","<"$3">",$4);
          oneline  = oneline " <" $3 ">"
     }
     if($2 == "?"){
          fulltext = fulltext sprintf("\n    %-17s: [parameter] %s (optional)","<"$3">",$4);
          oneline  = oneline " <" $3 "?>"
     }
     if($2 == "n"){
          fulltext = fulltext sprintf("\n    %-17s: [parameters] %s (1 or more)","<"$3">",$4);
          oneline  = oneline " <" $3 " …>"
     }
    }
  $1 ~ /choice/ {
        fulltext = fulltext sprintf("\n    %-17s: [choice] %s","<"$3">",$4);
        if($5!=""){fulltext = fulltext "  [options: " $5 "]"; }
        oneline  = oneline " <" $3 ">"
    }
    END {print oneline; print fulltext}
  '
}

function Option:filter() {
  Option:config | grep "$1|" | cut -d'|' -f3 | sort | grep -v '^\s*$'
}

function Script:show_required() {
  grep 'Os:require' "$script_install_path" |
    grep -v -E '|grep|# Os:require' |
    awk -v install="# $install_package " '
    function ltrim(s) { sub(/^[ "\t\r\n]+/, "", s); return s }
    function rtrim(s) { sub(/[ "\t\r\n]+$/, "", s); return s }
    function trim(s) { return rtrim(ltrim(s)); }
    NF == 2 {print install trim($2); }
    NF == 3 {print install trim($3); }
    NF > 3  {$1=""; $2=""; $0=trim($0); print "# " trim($0);}
  ' |
    sort -u
}

function Option:initialize() {
  local init_command
  init_command=$(Option:config |
    grep -v "VERBOSE|" |
    awk '
    BEGIN { FS="|"; OFS=" ";}
    $1 ~ /flag/   && $5 == "" {print $3 "=0; "}
    $1 ~ /flag/   && $5 != "" {print $3 "=\"" $5 "\"; "}
    $1 ~ /option/ && $5 == "" {print $3 "=\"\"; "}
    $1 ~ /option/ && $5 != "" {print $3 "=\"" $5 "\"; "}
    $1 ~ /choice/   {print $3 "=\"\"; "}
    $1 ~ /list/     {print $3 "=(); "}
    $1 ~ /secret/   {print $3 "=\"\"; "}
    ')
  if [[ -n "$init_command" ]]; then
    eval "$init_command"
  fi
}

function Option:has_single() { Option:config | grep 'param|1|' >/dev/null; }
function Option:has_choice() { Option:config | grep 'choice|1' >/dev/null; }
function Option:has_optional() { Option:config | grep 'param|?|' >/dev/null; }
function Option:has_multi() { Option:config | grep 'param|n|' >/dev/null; }

function Option:parse() {
  if [[ $# -eq 0 ]]; then
    Option:usage >&2
    Script:exit
  fi

## first process all the -x --xxxx flags and options
  while true; do
    # flag <flag> is saved as $flag = 0/1
    # option <option> is saved as $option
    if [[ $# -eq 0 ]]; then
      ## all parameters processed
      break
    fi
    if [[ ! $1 == -?* ]]; then
      ## all flags/options processed
      break
    fi
    local save_option
    save_option=$(Option:config |
      awk -v opt="$1" '
        BEGIN { FS="|"; OFS=" ";}
        $1 ~ /flag/   &&  "-"$2 == opt {print $3"=1"}
        $1 ~ /flag/   && "--"$3 == opt {print $3"=1"}
        $1 ~ /option/ &&  "-"$2 == opt {print $3"=${2:-}; shift"}
        $1 ~ /option/ && "--"$3 == opt {print $3"=${2:-}; shift"}
        $1 ~ /list/ &&  "-"$2 == opt {print $3"+=(${2:-}); shift"}
        $1 ~ /list/ && "--"$3 == opt {print $3"=(${2:-}); shift"}
        $1 ~ /secret/ &&  "-"$2 == opt {print $3"=${2:-}; shift #noshow"}
        $1 ~ /secret/ && "--"$3 == opt {print $3"=${2:-}; shift #noshow"}
        ')
    if [[ -n "$save_option" ]]; then
      if echo "$save_option" | grep shift >>/dev/null; then
        local save_var
        save_var=$(echo "$save_option" | cut -d= -f1)
        IO:debug "$config_icon parameter: ${save_var}=$2"
      else
        IO:debug "$config_icon flag: $save_option"
      fi
      eval "$save_option"
    else
      IO:die "cannot interpret option [$1]"
    fi
    shift
  done

((help)) && (
    Option:usage
    Script:check_version
    IO:print "                                  "
    echo "### TIPS & EXAMPLES"
    Script:show_tips

) && Script:exit

local option_list
  local option_count
  local choices
  local single_params
  ## then run through the given parameters
  if Option:has_choice; then
    choices=$(Option:config | awk -F"|" '
      $1 == "choice" && $2 == 1 {print $3}
      ')
    option_list=$(xargs <<<"$choices")
    option_count=$(wc <<<"$choices" -w | xargs)
    IO:debug "$config_icon Expect : $option_count choice(s): $option_list"
    [[ $# -eq 0 ]] && IO:die "need the choice(s) [$option_list]"

local choices_list
    local valid_choice
    local param
    for param in $choices; do
      [[ $# -eq 0 ]] && IO:die "need choice [$param]"
      [[ -z "$1" ]] && IO:die "need choice [$param]"
      IO:debug "$config_icon Assign : $param=$1"
      # check if choice is in list
      choices_list=$(Option:config | awk -F"|" -v choice="$param" '$1 == "choice" && $3 = choice {print $5}')
      valid_choice=$(tr <<<"$choices_list" "," "\n" | grep "$1")
      [[ -z "$valid_choice" ]] && IO:die "choice [$1] is not valid, should be in list [$choices_list]"

eval "$param=\"$1\""
      shift
    done
  else
    IO:debug "$config_icon No choices to process"
    choices=""
    option_count=0
  fi

if Option:has_single; then
    single_params=$(Option:config | awk -F"|" '
      $1 == "param" && $2 == 1 {print $3}
      ')
    option_list=$(xargs <<<"$single_params")
    option_count=$(wc <<<"$single_params" -w | xargs)
    IO:debug "$config_icon Expect : $option_count single parameter(s): $option_list"
    [[ $# -eq 0 ]] && IO:die "need the parameter(s) [$option_list]"

for param in $single_params; do
      [[ $# -eq 0 ]] && IO:die "need parameter [$param]"
      [[ -z "$1" ]] && IO:die "need parameter [$param]"
      IO:debug "$config_icon Assign : $param=$1"
      eval "$param=\"$1\""
      shift
    done
  else
    IO:debug "$config_icon No single params to process"
    single_params=""
    option_count=0
  fi

for param in $optional_params; do
      IO:debug "$config_icon Assign : $param=${1:-}"
      eval "$param=\"${1:-}\""
      shift
    done
  else
    IO:debug "$config_icon No optional params to process"
    optional_params=""
    optional_count=0
  fi

if Option:has_multi; then
    #IO:debug "Process: multi param"
    local multi_count
    local multi_param
    multi_count=$(Option:config | grep -c 'param|n|')
    multi_param=$(Option:config | grep 'param|n|' | cut -d'|' -f3)
    IO:debug "$config_icon Expect : $multi_count multi parameter: $multi_param"
    ((multi_count > 1)) && IO:die "cannot have >1 'multi' parameter: [$multi_param]"
    ((multi_count > 0)) && [[ $# -eq 0 ]] && IO:die "need the (multi) parameter [$multi_param]"
    # save the rest of the params in the multi param
    if [[ -n "$*" ]]; then
      IO:debug "$config_icon Assign : $multi_param=$*"
      eval "$multi_param=( $* )"
    fi
  else
    multi_count=0
    multi_param=""
    [[ $# -gt 0 ]] && IO:die "cannot interpret extra parameters"
  fi
}

function Os:require() {
  local install_instructions
  local binary
  local words
  local path_binary
  # $1 = binary that is required
  binary="$1"
  path_binary=$(command -v "$binary" 2>/dev/null)
  [[ -n "$path_binary" ]] && IO:debug "️$require_icon required [$binary] -> $path_binary" && return 0
  # $2 = how to install it
  IO:alert "$script_basename needs [$binary] but it cannot be found"
  words=$(echo "${2:-}" | wc -w)
  install_instructions="$install_package $1"
  [[ $words -eq 1 ]] && install_instructions="$install_package $2"
  [[ $words -gt 1 ]] && install_instructions="${2:-}"
  if ((FORCE)); then
    IO:announce "Installing [$1] ..."
    eval "$install_instructions"
  else
    IO:alert "1) install package  : $install_instructions"
    IO:alert "2) check path       : export PATH=\"[path of your binary]:\$PATH\""
    IO:die "Missing program/script [$binary]"
  fi
}

function Os:folder() {
  if [[ -n "$1" ]]; then
    local folder="$1"
    local max_days=${2:-365}
    if [[ ! -d "$folder" ]]; then
      IO:debug "$clean_icon Create folder : [$folder]"
      mkdir -p "$folder"
    else
      IO:debug "$clean_icon Cleanup folder: [$folder] - delete files older than $max_days day(s)"
      find "$folder" -mtime "+$max_days" -type f -exec rm {} \;
    fi
  fi
}

function Os:follow_link() {
  [[ ! -L "$1" ]] && echo "$1" && return 0 ## if it's not a symbolic link, return immediately
  local file_folder link_folder link_name symlink
  file_folder="$(dirname "$1")"                                                                                   ## check if file has absolute/relative/no path
  [[ "$file_folder" != /* ]] && file_folder="$(cd -P "$file_folder" &>/dev/null && pwd)"                          ## a relative path was given, resolve it
  symlink=$(readlink "$1")                                                                                        ## follow the link
  link_folder=$(dirname "$symlink")                                                                               ## check if link has absolute/relative/no path
  [[ -z "$link_folder" ]] && link_folder="$file_folder"                                                           ## if no link path, stay in same folder
  [[ "$link_folder" == \.* ]] && link_folder="$(cd -P "$file_folder" && cd -P "$link_folder" &>/dev/null && pwd)" ## a relative link path was given, resolve it
  link_name=$(basename "$symlink")
  IO:debug "$info_icon Symbolic ln: $1 -> [$link_folder/$link_name]"
  Os:follow_link "$link_folder/$link_name" ## recurse
}

function Os:notify() {
  # cf https://levelup.gitconnected.com/5-modern-bash-scripting-techniques-that-only-a-few-programmers-know-4abb58ddadad
  local message="$1"
  local source="${2:-$script_basename}"

[[ -n $(command -v notify-send) ]] && notify-send "$source" "$message"                                      # for Linux
  [[ -n $(command -v osascript) ]] && osascript -e "display notification \"$message\" with title \"$source\"" # for MacOS
}

function Os:busy() {
  # show spinner as long as process $pid is running
  local pid="$1"
  local message="${2:-}"
  local frames=("|" "/" "-" "\\")
  (
    while kill -0 "$pid" &>/dev/null; do
      for frame in "${frames[@]}"; do
        printf "\r[ $frame ] %s..." "$message"
        sleep 0.5
      done
    done
    printf "\n"
  )
}

function Os:beep() {
  if [[ -n "$TERM" ]]; then
    tput bel
  fi
}

function Script:meta() {

script_prefix=$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" .sh)
  script_basename=$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")
  execution_day=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d")

script_install_path="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"
  IO:debug "$info_icon Script path: $script_install_path"
  script_install_path=$(Os:follow_link "$script_install_path")
  IO:debug "$info_icon Linked path: $script_install_path"
  script_install_folder="$(cd -P "$(dirname "$script_install_path")" && pwd)"
  IO:debug "$info_icon In folder  : $script_install_folder"
  if [[ -f "$script_install_path" ]]; then
    script_hash=$(Str:digest <"$script_install_path" 8)
    script_lines=$(awk <"$script_install_path" 'END {print NR}')
  fi

# get shell/operating system/versions
  shell_brand="sh"
  shell_version="?"
  [[ -n "${ZSH_VERSION:-}" ]] && shell_brand="zsh" && shell_version="$ZSH_VERSION"
  [[ -n "${BASH_VERSION:-}" ]] && shell_brand="bash" && shell_version="$BASH_VERSION"
  [[ -n "${FISH_VERSION:-}" ]] && shell_brand="fish" && shell_version="$FISH_VERSION"
  [[ -n "${KSH_VERSION:-}" ]] && shell_brand="ksh" && shell_version="$KSH_VERSION"
  IO:debug "$info_icon Shell type : $shell_brand - version $shell_version"
  if [[ "$shell_brand" == "bash" && "${BASH_VERSINFO:-0}" -lt 4 ]]; then
    IO:die "Bash version 4 or higher is required - current version = ${BASH_VERSINFO:-0}"
  fi

os_kernel=$(uname -s)
  os_version=$(uname -r)
  os_machine=$(uname -m)
  install_package=""
  case "$os_kernel" in
  CYGWIN* | MSYS* | MINGW*)
    os_name="Windows"
    ;;
  Darwin)
    os_name=$(sw_vers -productName)       # macOS
    os_version=$(sw_vers -productVersion) # 11.1
    install_package="brew install"
    ;;
  Linux | GNU*)
    if [[ $(command -v lsb_release) ]]; then
      # 'normal' Linux distributions
      os_name=$(lsb_release -i | awk -F: '{$1=""; gsub(/^[\s\t]+/,"",$2); gsub(/[\s\t]+$/,"",$2); print $2}')    # Ubuntu/Raspbian
      os_version=$(lsb_release -r | awk -F: '{$1=""; gsub(/^[\s\t]+/,"",$2); gsub(/[\s\t]+$/,"",$2); print $2}') # 20.04
    else
      # Synology, QNAP,
      os_name="Linux"
    fi
    [[ -x /bin/apt-cyg ]] && install_package="apt-cyg install"     # Cygwin
    [[ -x /bin/dpkg ]] && install_package="dpkg -i"                # Synology
    [[ -x /opt/bin/ipkg ]] && install_package="ipkg install"       # Synology
    [[ -x /usr/sbin/pkg ]] && install_package="pkg install"        # BSD
    [[ -x /usr/bin/pacman ]] && install_package="pacman -S"        # Arch Linux
    [[ -x /usr/bin/zypper ]] && install_package="zypper install"   # Suse Linux
    [[ -x /usr/bin/emerge ]] && install_package="emerge"           # Gentoo
    [[ -x /usr/bin/yum ]] && install_package="yum install"         # RedHat RHEL/CentOS/Fedora
    [[ -x /usr/bin/apk ]] && install_package="apk add"             # Alpine
    [[ -x /usr/bin/apt-get ]] && install_package="apt-get install" # Debian
    [[ -x /usr/bin/apt ]] && install_package="apt install"         # Ubuntu
    ;;

esac
  IO:debug "$info_icon System OS  : $os_name ($os_kernel) $os_version on $os_machine"
  IO:debug "$info_icon Package mgt: $install_package"

# get last modified date of this script
  script_modified="??"
  [[ "$os_kernel" == "Linux" ]] && script_modified=$(stat -c %y "$script_install_path" 2>/dev/null | cut -c1-16) # generic linux
  [[ "$os_kernel" == "Darwin" ]] && script_modified=$(stat -f "%Sm" "$script_install_path" 2>/dev/null)          # for MacOS

IO:debug "$info_icon Version  : $script_version"
  IO:debug "$info_icon Created  : $script_created"
  IO:debug "$info_icon Modified : $script_modified"

IO:debug "$info_icon Lines    : $script_lines lines / md5: $script_hash"
  IO:debug "$info_icon User     : $USER@$HOSTNAME"

# if run inside a git repo, detect for which remote repo it is
  if git status &>/dev/null; then
    git_repo_remote=$(git remote -v | awk '/(fetch)/ {print $2}')
    IO:debug "$info_icon git remote : $git_repo_remote"
    git_repo_root=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
    IO:debug "$info_icon git folder : $git_repo_root"
  fi

# get script version from VERSION.md file - which is automatically updated by pforret/setver
  [[ -f "$script_install_folder/VERSION.md" ]] && script_version=$(cat "$script_install_folder/VERSION.md")
  # get script version from git tag file - which is automatically updated by pforret/setver
  [[ -n "$git_repo_root" ]] && [[ -n "$(git tag &>/dev/null)" ]] && script_version=$(git tag --sort=version:refname | tail -1)
}

function Script:initialize() {
  log_file=""
  if [[ -n "${TMP_DIR:-}" ]]; then
    # clean up TMP folder after 1 day
    Os:folder "$TMP_DIR" 1
  fi
  if [[ -n "${LOG_DIR:-}" ]]; then
    # clean up LOG folder after 1 month
    Os:folder "$LOG_DIR" 30
    log_file="$LOG_DIR/$script_prefix.$execution_day.log"
    IO:debug "$config_icon log_file: $log_file"
  fi
}

function Os:tempfile() {
  local extension=${1:-txt}
  local file="${TMP_DIR:-/tmp}/$execution_day.$RANDOM.$extension"
  IO:debug "$config_icon tmp_file: $file"
  temp_files+=("$file")
  echo "$file"
}

function Os:import_env() {
  local env_files
  if [[ $(pwd) == "$script_install_folder" ]]; then
    env_files=(
      "$script_install_folder/.env"
      "$script_install_folder/.$script_prefix.env"
      "$script_install_folder/$script_prefix.env"
    )
  else
    env_files=(
      "$script_install_folder/.env"
      "$script_install_folder/.$script_prefix.env"
      "$script_install_folder/$script_prefix.env"
      "./.env"
      "./.$script_prefix.env"
      "./$script_prefix.env"
    )
  fi

local env_file
  for env_file in "${env_files[@]}"; do
    if [[ -f "$env_file" ]]; then
      IO:debug "$config_icon Read  dotenv: [$env_file]"
      local clean_file
      clean_file=$(Os:clean_env "$env_file")
      # shellcheck disable=SC1090
      source "$clean_file" && rm "$clean_file"
    fi
  done
}

function Os:clean_env() {
  local input="$1"
  local output="$1.__.sh"
  [[ ! -f "$input" ]] && IO:die "Input file [$input] does not exist"
  IO:debug "$clean_icon Clean dotenv: [$output]"
  awk <"$input" '
      function ltrim(s) { sub(/^[ \t\r\n]+/, "", s); return s }
      function rtrim(s) { sub(/[ \t\r\n]+$/, "", s); return s }
      function trim(s) { return rtrim(ltrim(s)); }
      /=/ { # skip lines with no equation
        $0=trim($0);
        if(substr($0,1,1) != "#"){ # skip comments
          equal=index($0, "=");
          key=trim(substr($0,1,equal-1));
          val=trim(substr($0,equal+1));
          if(match(val,/^".*"$/) || match(val,/^\047.*\047$/)){
            print key "=" val
          } else {
            print key "=\"" val "\""
          }
        }
      }
  ' >"$output"
  echo "$output"
}

IO:initialize # output settings
Script:meta   # find installation folder

[[ $run_as_root == 1 ]] && [[ $UID -ne 0 ]] && IO:die "user is $USER, MUST be root to run [$script_basename]"
[[ $run_as_root == -1 ]] && [[ $UID -eq 0 ]] && IO:die "user is $USER, CANNOT be root to run [$script_basename]"

Option:initialize # set default values for flags & options
Os:import_env     # overwrite with .env if any

if [[ $sourced -eq 0 ]]; then
  Option:parse "$@" # overwrite with specified options if any
  Script:initialize # clean up folders
  Script:main       # run Script:main program
  Script:exit       # exit and clean up
else
  # just disable the trap, don't execute Script:main
  trap - INT TERM EXIT
fi

Based on pforret/bashew

Examples

Example: convert_a_file.sh [action] [outputfile] [inputfile(s)]

Example: convert_a_file.sh [inputfile]

Example: send_an_email.sh --from [from] [destination] [subject] [body]

Example: compress_files.sh --test --method [method} [zipfile] [file(s)]

References

If you often write small bash scripts to automate/facilitate repeating tasks, you don't want to lose time re-implementing option parsing, debug messages, OS detection, confirmation questions. I've been using this boilerplate bash code since 2017. The only thing missing was a configurable code generator. And here it is!

toolstud.io

2.5.11

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